Technical articles
Direct-to-Cell and 5G NTN: how satellites complement mobile networks
Understand Direct-to-Device, Direct-to-Cell and 5G NTN: radio links, device requirements, satellite spectrum and integration with mobile networks.
Satellite connectivity on phones: what actually works in Germany?
Satellitennotruf, Nachrichten oder Internet: Was du in Deutschland bereits nutzen kannst, welche Geräte nötig sind und was Telekom, Vodafone und O2 erst planen. Stand:…
Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) – 5G without fibre?
Über IAB lassen sich 5G-Zellen per Funk anbinden. Der Artikel erklärt Access und Backhaul, In-Band und Out-of-Band sowie die Anforderungen an den Donor. Fachlich…
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS): how does it work?
DSS teilt Funkressourcen zwischen LTE und 5G NR. So funktioniert die gemeinsame Spektrumnutzung – und das bedeutet sie für Kapazität, 700 MHz, Standalone und…
5G frequencies and frequency bands
Understand 5G frequency bands, Germany's spectrum allocations and FDD versus TDD, with explanatory diagrams and the original historical band table.
5G range at different frequencies
How frequencies, antennas and the surroundings affect 5G range. Diagrams explain coverage, beamforming, link budgets and the device's return path.
5G routers: fixed connections through Fixed Wireless Access (FWA)
Wie 5G-Router Haushalte per Funk anbinden: FWA, Beamforming, 3,5 und 26 GHz sowie Indoor- und Outdoor-CPE. Was Funkweg, Netzkompatibilität und Heimnetz für den Anschluss…
EPC: how the LTE core network works
How the LTE core network registers subscribers and forwards data. Diagrams explain MME, HSS, S-GW, P-GW, PCRF and separate control and user-data paths.
LTE Advanced
How LTE-Advanced uses multiple carriers and spatial data streams: Carrier Aggregation, MIMO and relay nodes explained together, with the original LTEmobile diagrams and additional context.…
Digital dividend
How former television frequencies became available for mobile broadband: the first and second digital dividends, the 800 and 700 MHz awards, and their role in…